Frequently Asked Questions

Below is a list of frequently asked questions regarding Export Control.

  • What is an export?

    Any item sent from the United States to a foreign destination is an export. "Items" include commodities, software or technology, such as clothing, building materials, circuit boards, automotive parts, blueprints, design plans, retail software packages and technical information.

  • How are exports transferred?

    There are physical exports that can be mailed, shipped or even carried when traveling. 通过电子邮件或电话向国外传送的信息也被视为转移出口. Software uploaded to or downloaded from the Internet may even be an export. 甚至从美国出口的原产于外国的商品, 通过美国传播或从美国返回原产国被视为出口.

  • What is a deemed export?

    当技术或源代码发布时，就会发生“视同出口” EAR or ITAR to a foreign national in the United States. It is "deemed" to be an export to the home country of the foreign national.

  • What is the Fundamental Research Exclusion (FRE)?

    Fundamental research means "basic and applied research in science and engineering, 其结果通常被发表并在科学界广泛分享, as distinguished from proprietary research and from industrial development, design, production and product utilization, 其结果通常因专有或国家安全原因而受到限制.“排除”与共享这些结果不需要许可的事实有关, even if they relate to items or technology that are controlled. This exclusion allows U.S. universities to permit foreign members of their communities (e.g., students, faculty, (及访客)在美国校园参与涉及出口管制信息的研究项目.S. without needing a license where information is controlled by EAR. However, where such information is controlled by ITAR, 国务院已确定，外国人必须获得许可或有资格获得豁免，才能分享有关受管制物品或技术的信息.

  • What is the difference between ITAR and EAR?

    The Export Administration Regulations (EAR) are implemented by the U.S. 商务部，他们对商品和服务的出口进行监管 Commerce Control List (CCL). Their primary purpose is to authorize the regulation of exports, to improve the efficiency of export regulation, and to minimize interference with the ability to engage in commerce.

    The International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) 对属于国防物品和国防服务的物品和服务进行分类，管理进出口. These include the items and related technology and services (found on the Munitions List) that are specifically designed and developed for a military application and, which do not have a predominant civil application, 或者是专门为军事应用而设计和开发的，并且具有重要的军事或情报适用性.

  • What is OFAC and why is it important?

    OFAC stands for the Office of Foreign Assets Control which is part of the U. S. Treasury Department. OFAC is the management arm of the U.S. Government with respect to the Specially Designated Nationals (SDNs), which are entities or individuals owned or controlled by, or acting for or on behalf of, the governments of target countries, or they are associated with international narcotics trafficking or terrorism. These individuals and entities are listed on both the SDN and Blocked Persons lists. Consequently, 受美国管辖的人将知道，他们被禁止与这些个人和实体交往, 他们必须封锁他们拥有或控制的个人和实体有利益的所有财产.

  • If I'm traveling abroad, what should concern me?

    研究人员在世界各地通常会随身携带笔记本电脑、手机和平板电脑. 必须知道，这意味着笔记本电脑和/或手机和/或平板电脑正在被出口. This is true not only when the laptop and/or cellphone and/or tablet is abroad, 而且当他们允许一个在国外的人使用笔记本电脑和/或手机和/或平板电脑，或者允许一个外国人在美国使用笔记本电脑和/或手机和/或平板电脑时也是如此. 研究人员应该检查他们可能携带的软件和数据，以确保他们没有将任何受控制的软件或技术信息带出国外. The same applies to global positioning systems (GPS). The underlying software is covered by the EAR and, in some cases, the ITAR. 出口规定根据研究人员前往的国家和他或她打算使用该设备的目的而有所不同. However, a licensing exception may apply to the export of a laptop or GPS, 这可能使研究人员将设备带到国外而不违反 EAR or ITAR.

    You must contact ORSP before using a license exception, as it is subject to record-keeping requirements. Find out more about license exceptions here.

    Contact Information Technology (IT) to learn more about the clean laptop program.

  • What is the license exception for temporary export (TMP)?

    笔记本电脑、平板电脑、手机和其他数字存储设备都是受管制的物品 EAR. However, TMP许可例外描述了这些物品何时用于专业目的, returned within 12 months, kept under control of the exporter while abroad, 以及其他安全防范措施，以防止未经授权的技术发布(例如.e., use of secure connections), then the TMP License Exception may apply. The License Exception might not apply if items are shipped or carried to certain OFAC-sanctioned countries. If you have any questions about the use of this TMP exception, please contact ORSP to confirm, as this exception requires that records be kept.

  • 如果我和一家外国公司或外国人谈话，我应该注意什么?

    In general, 研究人员之间的大多数校外交流可以在不需要出口许可证的情况下进行，如果会议的目的是展示已发表的研究成果. However, 只有当它们不提供yzcca88游戏登录网址军需物品清单上的国防物品的详细资料时，才会出现这种情况, 国际会议仅限于法规规定的“公开可用/公共领域”排除范围内发表的研究成果，并且在参加这些会议期间进行这些讨论时不需要出口许可证.

    The U.S. Export Regulations (ITAR)只准许无牌出口上述第一类所指的技术资料，而该等技术资料不受itar管制.

    However, technical information which is likely to be ITAR-controlled, 因此，在与外国国民或外国实体共享之前，需要获得出口许可证, includes detailed information about design, manufacture and test.

    • General description of defense article systems
    • Basic marketing information on function or purpose
    • Information regarding general scientific, mathematics or engineering principles commonly taught in schools
    • Information in the public domain
  • What happens if we make a mistake and don't comply with the EAR or ITAR?

    对出口管制法律的无知是没有理由的，不遵守法律法规可能导致yzcca88游戏登录网址和相关研究人员受到重大处罚. In addition, 联邦机构可以剥夺yzcca88游戏登录网址的出口特权，这可能会对yzcca88游戏登录网址的研究产生非常严重的后果. It is important to address any potential export control issues in advance, i.e., before there is any export of controlled equipment or technology. In the event that a violation occurs, ORSP 应立即通知总法律顾问办公室，因为他们是yzcca88游戏登录网址内部被指定与联邦机构打交道的各方.

  • 我如何确定我想送出国外的设备或技术信息是否受到控制?

    If the item is controlled, it will be found on either the Commerce Control List or the Munitions List. 这两个列表都非常复杂，有时令人困惑，研究人员不应该单独做出这个决定. A researcher must contact ORSP as soon as possible if they would like to make a determination, so that in the event a license is required, it can be solicited early enough so there is no delay in the research project. ORSP will work closely with the researcher to identify the correct determination.

  • Should I consider the encryption software on my technical device?

    Depending on the country, it is possible there may be an export control concern. Since encryption products can be used for illegal purposes, the United States and several other countries regulate the import, export and use of encryption products. 未经授权将装有加密软件的技术设备带到某些国家可能违反美国法律.S. export law or the import regulations of the country to which you are traveling. Connect with ORSP to determine which software is permitted and what countries may be of concern. This information should be reviewed before traveling abroad.